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LED Technology

LED brief introduction

  
What is LED?
LED – Light Emitting Diode was mainly used for indicator lamp in devices or display equipment (e.g. seven segment display) after invention by GE’s Nick Holonyak Jr at 1962. With the development and enhancement of LED technology as well as the white LED launched in the 1990s, LED became more popular to be used for various applications like indoor lighting, automotive lighting, display wall, etc.
 
 
As LED is a type of semiconductor diode made of p-n junction, electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device when a forward voltage is applied. As a result, energy is released in the form of photons. This effect is known as electroluminescence and the colour of the light to be emitted is determined by the energy gap (bandgap) of the semiconductor.
When different LED manufacturing materials are used, different colours of LED can be emitted for various lighting applications.
Common materials are Gallium Ga, Arsenic As, Phosphorus P, Aluminum Al, Nitrogen N, Calcium Ca as well as Indium In.

Three lighting intensity units used to describe LED lighting intensity - Luminous emittance (lux), Luminous flux (Lumen, lm) and Candela (CD).

 
LED suitability in a wide range of application.
 
Decorative lighting
Due to the rich variety in colors, small size, durability, energy savings, LEDs are perfect light source for decorative application. Attached on a PCB, flexible cable, or other desired materials; LEDs can be used for light source of channel letter, signs, border light, light tube and so on.
 
Illumination
With the advance of the white light LED technology, an array of white light LEDs assembled in a certain way are now bright enough to be used for domestic illumination, such as light, table lamp, and garden lamp etc.
 
Display
A typical application of LEDs is for message display or large-scale display screen, which are popularity used in sport fields, airports, business centers and so on. The largest LED display in the world is 36mm high, at Times Square,Manhattan.
 
LCD backlight
Because of LED’s small size and low power consumption, they are perfect light source for LCD backlight.